the Urim and Thummim. lights and perfections; manifestation and truth; and doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, that in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Ex.

Exodus 39:8 And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev.

Exodus 8:8 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Entreat the LORD, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people...

the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. As Moses has given such a particular description of everything relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned.

Leviticus 8:8 And he put the breastplate on him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim.

Numbers 27:21 And he shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall ask counsel for him after the judgment of Urim before the LORD...

Deuteronomy 33:8 And of Levi he said, Let your Thummim and your Urim be with your holy one, whom you did prove at Massah...

Judges 1:1 Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying...

Judges 20:18,23,27,28 And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of God, and asked counsel of God, and said...

1 Samuel 23:9-12 And David knew that Saul secretly practiced mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring here the ephod...

1 Samuel 28:6 And when Saul inquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.

1 Samuel 30:7,8 And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray you, bring me here the ephod...

Ezra 2:63 And the Tirshatha said to them, that they should not eat of the most holy things...

Nehemiah 7:65 And the Tirshatha said to them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and Thummim.

bear the judgment

Zechariah 6:13 Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule on his throne...

upon his heart

2 Corinthians 6:11,12 O you Corinthians, our mouth is open to you, our heart is enlarged...

2 Corinthians 7:3 I speak not this to condemn you: for I have said before, that you are in our hearts to die and live with you.

2 Corinthians 12:15 And I will very gladly spend and be spent for you; though the more abundantly I love you, the less I be loved.

Philippians 1:7,8 Even as it is meet for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart; inasmuch as both in my bonds...

Hebrews 2:17 Why in all things it behooved him to be made like to his brothers...

Hebrews 4:15 For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are...

Hebrews 9:12,24 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place...